lazer verts

To address the risk of the laser beams we should take preventive measures what?
The danger of laser beams implies that employees are effectively protected against excessive radiation exposure while working. Prevention should be directed towards the best possible management of exposure levels by the implementation of collective and individual measures (goggles) and training in the use and protection laser pointer .
The workshops and laboratories using laser devices are subject to a risk analysis to enable the drafting of single safety document enjoying both the material and technical environment (tools, machines, materials used) and the effectiveness of protection means existing and their use as work stations.
1. The classification of dangerous laser beams
La dangerous laser beams varies according to their characteristics (wavelength, power, pulse duration ...) from safe sources of laser sources up to eye and skin extremely serious risks . This is why a laser classification was established and is standardized and specified in the standard EN 60825-1 from July 1994, which provides information on the dangers of lasers, laser safety calculations and measurements.

Class 1: very low power lasers without any danger in all normal conditions of use, except in cases where the user employs an optical concentrating the beam, representing a slight risk. However, visual discomfort is felt in the direct axis of the beam.
Class 2: green lazer low power emitting a visible light (wavelength: 400 nm-700 nm), with no significant danger, except in the case or user employs an optical concentrating the beam. However, intentional prolonged eye exposure can cause glare and momentarily impaired vision.
Class 3: medium power lasers emitting a visible or in the infrared or ultraviolet. For visible light, long exposure or direct vision into the beam using optical instruments (binoculars, telescopes, microscopes ...) is dangerous for the eye. For the invisible light, the direct vision of the beam is always dangerous. The momentary exposure of the skin does not cause significant damage.
Class 4: High Power Lasers for which direct vision or diffuse reflections involves great risks and eye for which dermal exposure is dangerous.
2.Limit laser ray exposure
1) .The limit of available emission power value that can emit laser accessible to the user,
2) Maximum .L'exposition permitted maximum level of laser radiation to which they may be exposed without suffer immediate damage or deferred.
3) .The nominal ocular hazard distance, danger away at eye level of the laser beam.
4). Preventive measures regarding equipment
5) .The apparatus design
The design of the laser devices must comply with the technical specifications of the standard NF EN60825-1 for containment of radiation and safety devices: shields, lock safety, emission warning ...
For lasers of class 3 and 4, for example those machining, automatic controls of the control beam to a protective barrier (attenuators ...), when hit by the ray laser 1000mw , the emergency stop when the latter is crossed by the beam, enable passive and active protection effective.
The observation windows should be fitted with filters or attenuators. The safety lock may consist of a shutter which interrupts the beam when the cover is opened or removed or a key switch.
Screens for laser beams must be designed to protect the hazardous radiation path, normal or abnormal but predictable: the IR and UV rays are easily absorbed by many materials, so the visible rays. According wavelengths, thus using opaque materials, dark and matt surface (anodized aluminum ...) or translucent materials (glass or special glasses, thick plastic ...). Absorbent and non-reflective blockers may be used (light trap or a diffusing foam) to remove noise and diffuse reflections.
6) .L'étiquetage devices and the provision of documentation must indicate instructions for assembly, maintenance and safe use: characteristics and class the laser device, safety rules.

3. A breakdown of adequate workplaces
1) .The general ventilation and aeration of the workplace are essential to limit the concentration of all the smoke and fumes generated by laser processes and dispose of air of workplaces, so as to respect the limits set by the regulations and thus avoid the consequences on the health of workers. In addition, prevention, equipment which involve locally install sensors of dust and smoke over the laser devices, complete effective collective protection by exhaust ventilation.
General ventilation is based on extraction and blowing the air with a collection system by fans before its release to the atmosphere after purification filters in the air is transported into the room by a blowing fan and extracted by a local exhaust fan. The extraction of the air is done through a collection system for these fans, ducts of distribution and a network of ducts that capture and concentrate dust and vapors up filters and scrubbers that can clean the air and then exhaust it to the outside. The Aerodynamic components such as fans, ducts among others should be accessible and easy maintenance and cleaning. In particular, networks become clogged quickly with filters unusable, obstructed evacuation of condensates ... Regular maintenance of the ventilation system (cleaning of exhaust ducts, filter change) is a prerequisite for proper functioning .
2) .The local ventilation is based on the collection of gas and dust as close to their point of emission systems, before their dispersion in the room: hoods or suction nozzles or downdraft tables.
General ventilation workshops should be determined according to local aspirations to not disturb the effectiveness of catchment at the source.
3) .with regular monitoring of the atmosphere, to verify the effectiveness of the suction action by air dosages. These metrological analysis are entrusted to experts in safety. The analysis reports, intervention and maintenance are integrated in the safety documentation to the work of the company (Document Security Unique). It should monitor the exposure of workers does not reach a higher concentration than safety limits (limit values ​​and mean exposure STEL and TWA) determined by product.
4. Preventive measures for the laser beams used outdoors
should be defined, tag and report an exclusion zone, space management or prohibited to anyone. Provide light signals and / or audio must be issued before and during the show 's most powerful laser pointer in the world .
4.The preventive measures Personal protection
1) .The personal protective eye
The use of eye protection is essential for workplaces where there is a risk of ocular live or reflected: inability to channel laser beam and any specular reflections during pivoting or accidental disruption, maintenance, laboratory experiments ...
Several forms of laser glasses exist: flat-screen goggle covering both eyes, laptops branches round goggles over prescription eyewear, classic sunglasses ...: they must meet the EN 207 standards for eye protection and NF EN 208 laser adjusting glasses.
The laser glasses are designed for wavelength and a maximum energy density well determined to respect strictly.
2) .The individual hand protection
to protect the hands of a possibility of being on the journey of a powerful laser beam, it is necessary to wear protective gloves flammable but whose protection is limited by the power and duration of exposure.
3) .The laser safety training
requirements for new employers (Decree No. 2010-750 of July 2010) result in the need for mastery of the safety of laser facilities.
For the use of laser devices of upper class to class 1, training in laser safety is necessary. An additional level of training is required for a competent person who is involved in laser safety of laser products for maintenance and / or handling the beam.
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